The Dolcera Blog

http://www.cafc.uscourts.gov/opinions/08-1259.pdf

In an interesting case, bankrupt GM won a patent suit for its popular OnStar navigation system.
The OnStar navigation system acts like a warning system for manouever points that are going to come up within a certain pre-specified distance from the car. The calculations regarding the relative position of the car from the manouever point is done remotely, and the only information displayed in the device in the car is the ‘distance value’ to the manouever point.

VIP had filed a patent in which the co-ordinate of the manouever point is downloaded and compared with the car co-ordinates (obtained using GPS systems) on the mobile system. They do not represent the distance between the manouever point and the car co-ordinates as scalar values, but simply represent them on a scale ‘relative to each other’.

On this semantic difference VIP lost its case against GM in both the district court and the Federal Appeals court. The CAFC and district courts did not find any reference of possibility to display scalar values on the mobile device either in the Patent specification or at anytime during the patent prosecution history.

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On June 28, Facebook will be allowing users to register names in their Facebook URL, replacing the existing random ID numbers. This new policy by Facebook would create tight corner situations wherein users may try to register as their user name words or phrases that could infringe on a company name, trademarked slogan, or even a broadcast station's call signs. However, yet another social rather professional network has been allowing users to choose their public profile URL. I tried googling for some interesting litigations suits on this issue but surprisingly none turned up. Well, is it trouble on the way for linkedin too?

IBM Corp. spent $7.8 million in 2007 to lobby on numerous issues, including data privacy and security, identity theft and patent and immigration reforms.

IBM which lobbied Congress, the White House, the Federal Communications Commission, Federal Trade Commission and numerous other agencies, spent about $3.9 million in the first six months of 2007 to lobby on largely the same issues.

IBM recently filed a protest of a $1 billion biometrics database contract the FBI awarded to Lockheed Martin Corp.  which built and maintains the agency’s current fingerprint database. The Government Accountability Office has until June 4 to rule on the protest.

Railroad operator Norfolk Southern Corp. spent $3.1 million to lobby the federal government in 2007, according to a disclosure form.

The company lobbied on various appropriations bills and on legislation dealing with climate change, energy issues, terrorism risk insurance and more. Norfolk Southern also opposed legislation that would subject railroads to stiffer antitrust standards. The antitrust bill has the support of a coalition of more than 3,500 electric, utility, chemical and manufacturing companies.

The Norfolk, Va.-based company spent nearly $1.6 million in the second half of 2007 to lobby on those issues, according to the form posted online Feb. 13 by the Senate’s public records office.

Besides Congress, Norfolk Southern lobbied the Federal Railroad Administration and the Transportation Department.

The Armonk, N.Y.-based company spent $3.9 million in the second half of 2007 to lobby the federal government, according to a disclosure form posted online Feb. 13 by the Senate’s public records office. It also lobbied on electronic personal health records, international tax treaties, defense spending, math and science educational standards, energy issues and other matters.

Lobbyists are required to disclose activities that could influence members of the executive and legislative branches, under a federal law enacted in 1995.

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A judgment in the case of Symbian’s Patent Application has been issued by the High Court overturning an earlier decision of the UK Intellectual Property Office (UK-IPO) to refuse the application because it relates to nothing more than a computer program.

Symbian’s patent application describes how in a computer a library of functions (DLL), which can be called on by multiple application programs running on the computer, is accessed. In particular, it provides a way of indexing these library functions to ensure the computer will continue to operate reliably after changes are made to the library.

In his judgment Mr Justice Patten observes that the UK-IPO’s decision in this case illustrates the divide which exists between the UK-IPO and the European Patent Office (EPO) about how the patentability of inventions involving computer programs is assessed. This is because although the UK-IPO refused Symbian’s patent application, the EPO has granted Symbian a patent for its invention.

The UK-IPO believes that when deciding whether this computer implemented invention is patentable, Mr Justice Patten did not apply the so-called “Aerotel/Macrossan test”, which was established by the Court of Appeal in an earlier case, in the way intended by the Court of Appeal. This in UK-IPO’s view has created uncertainty about how the Aerotel/Macrossan test should be applied for inventions of this type.

The UK-IPO will therefore appeal this judgment with a view to seeking clarification from the Court of Appeal. Pending a decision by the Court of Appeal, the UK-IPO will be continuing to follow the practice, set out in its Practice Notices issued in November 2006 and February 2008, which are founded on the established Aerotel /Macrossan test. When applying this test, the UK-IPO will take account of the Symbian judgment in appropriate cases.

What is patentable in the UK is determined by the Patents Act 1977 which is aligned with the European Patent Convention (EPC). Among other things, this states that patents are not available for computer programs as such. Thus, whilst it is possible to get patents in the UK for some inventions involving computer programs, it is not possible to get patents for innovations which are solely computer programs, such as an improved word processing program.

The way that the UK-IPO decides if an invention is patentable is different from that used by the EPO. The two approaches should generally give the same answer.

As with all High Court decisions the Symbian judgment is binding on the UK-IPO until such time as it is overtaken by the judgment of the Court of Appeal.

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In physics and other sciences, energy is a scalar physical quantity that is a property of objects and systems which is conserved by nature. Several different forms, such as

• Kinetic
• Potential
• Thermal
• Electromagnetic
• Chemical
• Nuclear and
• Mass have been defined to explain all known natural phenomena.

Energy is converted from one form to another, but it is never created or destroyed. This principle, the conservation of energy, was first postulated in the early 19th century, and applies to any isolated system. According to Noether’s theorem, the conservation of energy is a consequence of the fact that the laws of physics do not change over time.

Law of conservation of energy:
Energy is subject to the law of conservation of energy. According to this law, energy can neither be created (produced) nor destroyed itself. It can only be transformed.

Alternative Energy:
Fuel sources that are other than those derived from fossil fuels. Typically used interchangeably for renewable energy. Examples include:

• Wind – is the conversion of wind energy into useful form, such as electricity, using wind turbines.
• Hydropower – or hydraulic power is the force or energy of moving water.
• Biomass – refers to living and recently dead biological material that can be used as fuel or for industrial production. It can be broadly defined as solid, liquid, or gas fuel consisting of, or derived from biomass.
• Tidal power – is a form of hydropower that exploits the movement of water caused by tidal currents or the rise and fall in sea levels due to the tides.
• Wave – refers to the energy of ocean surface waves and the capture of that energy to do useful work
• Solar – is energy from the Sun. This energy drives climate and the weather supports virtually all life on Earth.
• Geothermal – Geothermal energy is energy obtained by tapping the heat of the earth itself, usually from kilometers deep into the Earth’s crust.
• Hydrogen & Fuel Cells – A fuel cell is an electrochemical energy conversion device. It produces electricity from external supplies of fuel (on the anode side) and oxidant (on the cathode side).

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